Support

Blog

Browsing all articles tagged with ARM

Someone from the JammaForums.co.uk emailed me a copy of the firmware in their SD card from a XinYe 138 in 1.

Card looks something like this:

I don’t have one, but I took a quick look at the data provided, and it looks fairly straightforward to “hack”.

It actually took me less than 30 minutes to have most of the good bits extracted from receiving the file!

There are 2 files on the SD card.

One is a 64 byte file called sn.bin which contains this data:

This looks suspiciously like a header, but I haven’t taken a clear look.

The second file is called x3rodl.bin, and contains a Linux firmware in ARM format.

The first few hundred bytes look like this:

Its obviously in ARM format, as the first set of bytes are ARM no-op codes.

00 00 A0 E1, which repeats 8 times.
02 00 00 EA, then…
18 28 6F 01 – Which is a magic word indicating that this contains a zImage (compressed Linux kernel)

18 28 6F 01 = 0x016f2818

Linux code looks something like this for identifying if its a kernel:

if (*(ulong *)(to + 9*4) != LINUX_ZIMAGE_MAGIC) {
printk("Warning: this binary is not compressed linux kernel image/n");
printk("zImage magic = 0x%08lx/n", *(ulong *)(to + 9*4));
} else {
printk("zImage magic = 0x%08lx/n", *(ulong *)(to + 9*4));
}

9 * 4 = 36, which is our location, and this happens to have our magic number.
So, we know its a kernel. Its also probably the VIVI bootloader from Samsung, as that uses that style MAGIC.

The following bits of data, contain the setup for the kernel, and the boot code.

This continues on until the compressed kernel+ramdisk. That starts with 1F 8B 08 (gzip header bytes) over at 0x3EF2, until roughly the end of the file.

I extracted that part and had a quick look.
Its about 7.7M size unpacked.

Linux version is: 2.6.36-FriendlyARM

Boot params are:
console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/ram init=/linuxrc initrd=0x51000000,6M ramdisk_size=6144

RAMDISK File System starts at 0x20000, and looks like this:

lawrence$ ls -al
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 13 lawrence staff 442 Jun 17 23:09 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 lawrence staff 136 Jun 17 23:08 ..
drwxr-xr-x 51 lawrence staff 1734 Jun 17 23:09 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 lawrence staff 68 Jun 17 23:09 dev
drwxr-xr-x 11 lawrence staff 374 Jun 17 23:09 etc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 lawrence staff 3821 Jun 17 23:09 init
-rw-r--r-- 1 lawrence staff 3821 Jun 17 23:09 init~
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lawrence staff 11 Jun 17 23:09 linuxrc -> bin/busybox
drwxr-xr-x 2 lawrence staff 68 Jun 17 23:09 proc
drwxr-xr-x 2 lawrence staff 68 Jun 17 23:09 r
drwxr-xr-x 19 lawrence staff 646 Jun 17 23:09 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 lawrence staff 68 Jun 17 23:09 sdcard
drwxr-xr-x 4 lawrence staff 136 Jun 17 23:09 usr

The bootup script for this looks like this:


#! /bin/sh

PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
runlevel=S
prevlevel=N
umask 022
export PATH runlevel prevlevel

echo st.

#
# Trap CTRL-C &c only in this shell so we can interrupt subprocesses.
#
trap ":" INT QUIT TSTP
/bin/hostname FriendlyARM
/bin/mount -n -t proc proc /proc

cmdline=`cat /proc/cmdline`

ROOT=none
ROOTFLAGS=
ROOTFSTYPE=
NFSROOT=
IP=
INIT=/sbin/init
#run_fs_image=/images/linux/rootfs_xin1arm_sdhotplug.ext3

for x in $cmdline ; do
case $x in
root=*)
ROOT=${x#root=}
;;
rootfstype=*)
ROOTFSTYPE="-t ${x#rootfstype=}"
;;
rootflags=*)
ROOTFLAGS="-o ${x#rootflags=}"
;;
init=*)
INIT=${x#init=}
;;
nfsroot=*)
NFSROOT=${x#nfsroot=}
;;
ip=*)
IP=${x#ip=}
;;

esac
done

if [ ! -z $NFSROOT ] ; then
echo $NFSROOT | sed s/:/\ /g > /dev/x ; read sip dir < /dev/x echo $IP | sed s/:/\ /g > /dev/x; read cip sip2 gip netmask hostname device autoconf < /dev/x rm /dev/x #echo $sip $dir $cip $sip2 $gip $netmask $hostname $device $autoconf mount -t nfs $NFSROOT /r -o nolock,proto=tcp #[ -e /r/dev/console ] || exec /bin/sh elif [ ! -z $run_fs_image ] ; then #lilxc #echo $run_fs_image echo sdroot. if [ ! -e /dev/mmcblk0p2 ] ; then echo "p2 not found." reboot sleep 5 fi ROOTFSTYPE="-t ext3" for i in 1 2 3 4 5 ; do #/bin/mount -n -o sync -o noatime -o nodiratime -o ro -t vfat /dev/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard && break /bin/mount -n -o sync -o noatime -o nodiratime -o ro -t ext3 /dev/mmcblk0p2 /sdcard && break echo Waiting for SD Card... if [ $i = 4 ] ; then echo " p2 failed. " reboot sleep 5 break; fi sleep 1 done #echo ------begin---------------------------------------- #sleep 1 #lilxc #ls -l /dev #sleep 1 #echo ----------------------------------------------- #ls -l /sdcard #sleep 1 #echo ------end------------------------------------------ #/sbin/losetup /dev/loop0 /sdcard/$run_fs_image #/bin/mount $ROOTFSTYPE /dev/loop0 /r #/bin/mount $ROOTFSTYPE -o noatime -o nodiratime -o ro /dev/mmcblk0p2 /r > /dev/null 2>&1
/bin/mount $ROOTFSTYPE -n -o noatime -o nodiratime -o ro /dev/mmcblk0p3 /r > /dev/null 2>&1
mount -o move /sdcard /r/sdcard
#/sbin/losetup /dev/loop1 /r/sdcard/swap
#/sbin/swapon /dev/loop1

else
# /bin/mount -n $ROOTFLAGS $ROOTFSTYPE $ROOT /r
# echo "Readonly mount...(lilxc)"
# mount -n -t yaffs2 -o noatime -o nodiratime -o ro /dev/mtdblock2 /r
# mount -n -t yaffs2 -o noatime -o nodiratime /dev/mtdblock2 /r

mount -n -t yaffs2 -o noatime -o nodiratime -o ro /dev/mtdblock2 /r

if [ -e /r/home/plg/reboot ]; then
umount /r
mount -n -t yaffs2 -o noatime -o nodiratime /dev/mtdblock2 /r
fi

fi

ONE_WIRE_PROC=/proc/driver/one-wire-info
ETC_BASE=/r/etc
[ -d /r/system/etc ] && ETC_BASE=/r/system/etc
[ -e $ETC_BASE/ts.detected ] && . $ETC_BASE/ts.detected
[ -z $CHECK_1WIRE ] && CHECK_1WIRE=Y
if [ $CHECK_1WIRE = "Y" -a -e $ONE_WIRE_PROC ] ; then
if read lcd_type fw_ver tail < $ONE_WIRE_PROC ; then if [ x$lcd_type = "x0" -a x$fw_ver = "x0" ] ; then TS_DEV=/dev/touchscreen else TS_DEV=/dev/touchscreen-1wire echo "1Wire touchscreen OK" fi if [ -e $ETC_BASE/friendlyarm-ts-input.conf ]; then sed "s:^\(TSLIB_TSDEVICE=\).*:\1$TS_DEV:g" $ETC_BASE/friendlyarm-ts-input.conf > $ETC_BASE/ts-autodetect.conf
mv $ETC_BASE/ts-autodetect.conf $ETC_BASE/friendlyarm-ts-input.conf -f
echo "CHECK_1WIRE=N" > $ETC_BASE/ts.detected
fi
fi
fi

[ -e /r/etc/friendlyarm-ts-input.conf ] && . /r/etc/friendlyarm-ts-input.conf
[ -e /r/system/etc/friendlyarm-ts-input.conf ] && . /r/system/etc/friendlyarm-ts-input.conf
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE

#lilxc debug here
#/bin/mount -n -o sync -o noatime -o nodiratime -t vfat /dev/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard
#cp /sdcard/lktcmd /r/tmp
#exec /bin/sh

# for running game
umount /proc
exec switch_root /r $INIT /r/dev/console 2>&1

The secondary loader in init looks like this:

#! /bin/sh

PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:
runlevel=S
prevlevel=N
umask 022
export PATH runlevel prevlevel

#
# Trap CTRL-C &c only in this shell so we can interrupt subprocesses.
#
trap ":" INT QUIT TSTP
/bin/hostname FriendlyARM

[ -e /proc/1 ] || /bin/mount -n -t proc none /proc
[ -e /sys/class ] || /bin/mount -n -t sysfs none /sys
[ -e /dev/tty ] || /bin/mount -t ramfs none /dev
/bin/mount -n -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb

echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
/sbin/mdev -s
/bin/hotplug
# mounting file system specified in /etc/fstab
mkdir -p /dev/pts
mkdir -p /dev/shm
/bin/mount -n -t devpts none /dev/pts -o mode=0622
/bin/mount -n -t tmpfs tmpfs /dev/shm
/bin/mount -n -t ramfs none /tmp
/bin/mount -n -t ramfs none /var
mkdir -p /var/empty
mkdir -p /var/log
mkdir -p /var/lock
mkdir -p /var/run
mkdir -p /var/tmp

/sbin/hwclock -s

echo " " > /dev/tty1
echo "System starting... " > /dev/tty1
syslogd

#/etc/rc.d/init.d/netd start
#echo " " > /dev/tty1
#echo "Starting networking..." > /dev/tty1
#sleep 1
#/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start
#echo " " > /dev/tty1
#echo "Starting web server..." > /dev/tty1
#sleep 1
#/etc/rc.d/init.d/leds start
#echo " " > /dev/tty1
#echo "Starting leds service..." > /dev/tty1
#echo " "
#sleep 1

/etc/rc.d/init.d/mkjoy
#echo " " > /dev/tty1
#echo "System Starting... " > /dev/tty1
#echo " " > /dev/tty1

#echo " " > /dev/tty1
/etc/rc.d/init.d/alsaconf start
#echo "Loading sound card config..." > /dev/tty1
#echo " "

#/sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
#/etc/init.d/ifconfig-eth0

#/bin/qtopia &
#echo " " > /dev/tty1
#echo "Starting Qtopia, please waiting..." > /dev/tty1

cd /sdcard
./run.sh
reboot

Fairly easy to reverse!

Refs:
http://www.jammaplus.co.uk/
http://blog.csdn.net/liangkaiming/article/details/6259189

As visitors to my office have noticed, we’ve been building a bunch of arcade machines for clients.
Here are a couple of pics of the builds in progress:

Chassis’s undergoing painting

Unfinished machine

While making those is fun, I also have an interest in what powers them.

Arcade Machines are really just a wooden box, a display, a controller board, input (buttons and joysticks), and a PSU, they’re pretty basic devices. There is an industry cabling standard – JAMMA which makes connecting them up nice and easy.

China has a number of hardware choices for powering them, ranging from PC based boards, original arcade boards, and what I think is the better solution for older games – emulation under embedded ARM/MIPS, vs dedicated boards.

We went through a number of different versions of hardware available here until I found something I liked.

Our currently build hardware du jour runs off of something called “King of Game”.
As is usual in China, no documentation, and the factory is less than forthcoming with information.

King of Arcade

Still, not unusual.

The device does have some interesting features for the would be hacker –

It has a nicely labelled “Boot” button, and the component count is quite low. Which generally means its SoC (System on a Chip) based.
The factory has done a little bit of prep work in making sure us ev1l hackorz won’t get at the juicy bits by etching off the cpu.

A quick look at the chip pin count, and the usual choice of chipset SoC more or less got me the right answer in a few minutes though.

My guess was Ingenic 4850, and it turned out to be the Ingenic 4755. This is a MIPS based X-Burst CPU

Even though they’re Chinese vendor, Ingenic does a great job in providing readily available information about their chipset(s). Kudos to the Ingenic guys in Beijing for being so open!

Datasheets for the 4755 and more importantly toolchains are readily available at the Ingenic FTP site – ftp://ftp.ingenic.cn/2soc/4750

Back to the board.

The King of Game board has USB onboard.
Plugging it into a computer shows the flash files available, but unfortunately not the firmware bits I need to see / change (e.g. to upgrade emulator capabilities, and change graphics).

If I hold down boot and plug in the USB, I get prompted for the Ingenic 4750 drivers.
Those are relatively easy to find on the ingenic site, so get a hold of those yourselves.

In order to connect to the board, you use a USB_BOOT.exe (there are also Linux tools available).
I downloaded usbboot-1.4b usbboot1.4b-tools, and unzipped that.

The USB Boot file needs a config file though – and the default config files supplied didn’t work 🙁

So, off to check what could be up.

The USB_Boot utility requires a bunch of settings in order to communicate with a board. After a bit of fiddling playing around with possible options I got it talking to the board.
While I’m not certain I have the settings completely correct here is what I have right now:

[PLL]
EXTCLK 24 ;Define the external crystal in MHz
CPUSPEED 336 ;Define the PLL output frequency
PHMDIV 3 ;Define the frequency divider ratio of PLL=CCLK:PCLK=HCLK=MCLK
BOUDRATE 57600 ;Define the uart boudrate
USEUART 0 ;Use which uart, 0/1 for jz4740,0/1/2/3 for jz4750

[SDRAM]
BUSWIDTH 16 ;The bus width of the SDRAM in bits (16|32)
BANKS 4 ;The bank number (2|4)
ROWADDR 12 ;Row address width in bits (11-13)
COLADDR 9 ;Column address width in bits (8-12)
ISMOBILE 0 ;Define whether SDRAM is mobile SDRAM, this only valid for Jz4750 ,1:yes 0:no
ISBUSSHARE 1 ;Define whether SDRAM bus share with NAND 1:shared 0:unshared

[NAND]
BUSWIDTH 8 ;The width of the NAND flash chip in bits (8|16|32)
ROWCYCLES 3 ;The row address cycles (2|3)
PAGESIZE 2048 ;The page size of the NAND chip in bytes(512|2048|4096)
PAGEPERBLOCK 64 ;The page number per block
FORCEERASE 0 ;The force to erase flag (0|1)
OOBSIZE 64 ;oob size in byte
ECCPOS 6 ;Specify the ECC offset inside the oob data (0-[oobsize-1])
BADBLACKPOS 0 ;Specify the badblock flag offset inside the oob (0-[oobsize-1])
BADBLACKPAGE 127 ;Specify the page number of badblock flag inside a block(0-[PAGEPERBLOCK-1])
PLANENUM 1 ;The planes number of target nand flash
BCHBIT 4 ;Specify the hardware BCH algorithm for 4750 (4|8)
WPPIN 0 ;Specify the write protect pin number
BLOCKPERCHIP 0 ;Specify the block number per chip,0 means ignore

[END]

If I put the board into USB boot mode (hold down boot button, and plug into the usb), then run the USB_TOOL.EXE file I can communicate


Welcome!
USB Boot Host Software!
USB Boot Software current version: 1.4b
Handling user command.
USBBoot :> list

Device number can connect :1
USBBoot :> help

Command support in current version:
help print this help;
boot boot device and make it in stage2;
list show current device number can connect;
fconfig set USB Boot config file;
nquery query NAND flash info;
nread read NAND flash data with checking bad block and ECC;
nreadraw read NAND flash data without checking bad block and ECC;
nreadoob read NAND flash oob without checking bad block and ECC;
nerase erase NAND flash;
nprog program NAND flash with data and ECC;
nmark mark a bad block in NAND flash;
go execute program in SDRAM;
version show current USB Boot software version;
exit quit from telnet session;
readnand read data from nand flash and store to SDRAM;
load load file data to SDRAM;
run run command script in file;
memtest do SDRAM test;
gpios let one GPIO to high level;
gpioc let one GPIO to low level;
sdprog program SD card;
sdread read data from SD card;
USBBoot :> boot

Usage: boot (1)
1:device index number
USBBoot :> boot 0

Checking state of No.0 device: Unboot
Now booting No.0 device:
Download stage one program and execute at 0x80002000: Pass
Download stage two program and execute at 0x80c00000: Pass
Boot success!
Now configure No.0 device:
Now checking whether all configure args valid:
Current device information: CPU is Jz4750
Crystal work at 24MHz, the CCLK up to 336MHz and PMH_CLK up to 112MHz
Total SDRAM size is 16 MB, work in 4 bank and 16 bit mode
Nand page size 2048, ECC offset 6, bad block ID 127, use 1 plane mode
Configure success!

Next up, read the firmware off the flash, and dump it to see which version of the Dingoo code they most probably ripped off 🙂

Archives

Categories

Tags

PHOTOSTREAM